Curriculum Blog

Supporting SEND Pupils’ Mental Health & Wellbeing in Schools

Written by Belinda Evans | Mar 19, 2026 1:17:22 PM

A practical, strategic guide for education professionals

This blog explores:

    • Why SEND and mental health are inseparable
    • What Every Child Achieving and Thriving means in practice 
    • A whole-school frameworks that work 
    • Practical Classroom Strategies for ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) and Dyslexia
    • Protecting staff wellbeing amid rising complexity

The Reality in Our Schools

We are no longer seeing a 'temporary spike' in complexity; it is a structural shift characterised by; 

    • Rising Complexity: Higher numbers of identified/unidentified SEND.
    • Systemic Delays: Longer CAMHS waiting lists and increased school avoidance (EBSA).
    • High Emotional Load: Staff managing trauma and neurodiversity daily.

  If we want pupils to achieve and thrive, we must prioritise mental health alongside learning.  

"When we think about inclusivity, we're considering all communities. Mental health and well-being is not a tick box exercise. It should be for everyone every day."

 

We need to think about who the people are in our school environments and what their individual needs are.
When we think about inclusivity, we're considering all communities.

 

 

 What “Every Child Achieving and Thriving” Means in Practice

The Department for Education white paper sets a clear ambition: stronger inclusion through early intervention, tiered support and improved collaboration between services.

For mainstream schools, this means:

    • Universal Inclusion: Moving from "specialist-only" to "universal" support.

    • Adaptive Teaching: A higher expectation for classroom-level adjustments.

    • Service Collaboration: Earlier identification and integrated support planning

 
 

 

 

The 3-Layer SEND Wellbeing Model 

To meet these mandates, schools must move from reactive interventions to a preventive approach. When these layers are secure, escalation decreases; when they are inconsistent, behavioural symptoms increase. 

   

Layer 1 - Relational Safety 

Relational safety is not about being soft; it is about reducing threat.

For pupils with trauma, ODD, or a history of failure, adults are often perceived as sources of threat. 

Relational safety is maintained or broken in the "in-between" moments;  the corridors, the lunch hall, and the transition at the school gate.  

The Goal: Move the student’s nervous system from "survival" to "learning" mode by reducing perceived danger. 

 

A Systemic Responsibility: Relational safety cannot rest solely on the teacher; it requires a whole-school infrastructure:

  • Predictability: Consistent language and clear, non-negotiable behaviour pathways.
  • Response: Neutral, predictable reactions to incidents (removing the "surprise" element).
  • Leadership: Systems that back staff decisions and prioritise time for restorative conversations.
  • Staff Capacity: Actively reducing cognitive overload so staff can regulate rather than react.

 

Layer 2 - Predictable Environments 

Many SEND pupils experience heightened threat sensitivity.

For these learners;  

Uncertainty = anxiety.
Anxiety = dysregulation.
Dysregulation = behaviour.

 

The Goal: Proactively remove environmental stressors so that a student’s emotional energy is used for learning rather than survival.

Strategic Implementation: These "Quick Wins" are not special treatment; they are hallmarks of Universal Design,  creating a level playing field for the entire class.

  • Visual Anchors: Use visual timetables and "Now-and-Next" boards to provide a predictable roadmap of the day.
  • Cognitive Buffers: Provide clear transition warnings, chunked instructions, and dedicated "thinking time" before requiring written output.
  • Sensory Management: Actively reduce sensory clutter and ambiguous instructions to lower cognitive load.
  • Normalising Support: By making universal tools, we remove stigma and ensure every learner feels cognitively safe and physically regulated.

 

 

Layer 3 - Targeted Emotional Support

Even with strong relationships and predictable environments, some pupils require more. This is not a failure of provision; it is an indicator of neurobiological complexity that requires a more individual approach.

 

The goal is to provide timely and emotionally intelligent support that prevents behavioural patterns from becoming entrenched.

 

Strategic Implementation: Targeted support is a "flex" in the school system, not a step toward punishment. It prioritises a student's biology and distress rather than their disruption.

  • Early Pattern Recognition: Identifying triggers and protective factors early to adjust provisions before a crisis occurs.
  • Proactive Regulation: Implementing "check-ins/check-outs" and individual regulation plans to help students manage their internal state.
  • Psychological Safety: Offering designated safe spaces to de-escalate before "boiling over," ensuring the student feels they still belong even when struggling.
  • Internal Capacity: Utilising internal school expertise to stabilise a student’s environment without immediately escalating to external services.

 

Supporting Pupils Presenting with ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)

ODD is frequently misunderstood as simple "naughtiness." In reality, it is a chronic difficulty in regulating the stress response when faced with authority or perceived loss of control. Traditional compliance-based systems often backfire, escalating the very behaviours they aim to stop.

The Goal: To move from a power struggle to a partnership by addressing the physiological stress response rather than just the outward behaviour.

What we often see:
    • Persistent Refusal
    • Argumentative responses
    • Power struggles
    • Escalation when corrected
What may be underneath:
    • Need for autonomy
    • Shame avoidance
    • Chronic threat response
    • Difficulty trusting an adult

What Works Better

 Co-regulation First: Calm the nervous system before attempting to correct the behaviour. 
 Empowered Choice: Offer limited, meaningful choices to provide the student with a sense of agency. 
Private Correction: Address issues away from peers to bypass the "shame trigger" that leads to outbursts. 
Neutral Communication:  keep language neutral, calm, and matter-of-fact. 
Restorative Focus: Prioritise repairing the relationship quickly after a rupture occurs 

 

Dyslexia: The Emotional Impact We Must Not Ignore

Dyslexia is not just about literacy accuracy; it is about identity. For many dyslexic pupils, the classroom is a minefield of micro-traumas where being asked to decode complex text under pressure triggers the same physiological "threat response" as a physical confrontation. 

The Goal: To move from a focus on deficit to a focus on accessibility, protecting the student’s self-worth while building their skills.

What we often see:
    • Academic Avoidance
    • Anxiety around reading aloud
    • "learned helplessness"
    • Using humour or masking as a defence
What may be underneath:
    • Shame
    • "not clever" internal narrative
    • "Protection mode"  nervous system

What Works Better

 Assistive Technology: Prioritize speech-to-text and text-to-speech tools to bypass mechanical barriers. 
 Cognitive Load Reduction: Eliminate "copying from the board" to free up mental energy for high-level thinking. 
 Alternative Recording: Allow students to demonstrate knowledge through verbal presentations, diagrams, or video. 
 Strengths-Based Focus: Actively celebrate verbal reasoning and problem-solving to rebuild a positive learner identity.
 Dignified Intervention: Over-teach phonics patterns and essential skills in a way that avoids stigma or public exposure. 


For more advice and support on the topic of dyslexia, look at our 'Supporting Dyslexia' portal  

 

Create Regulated Spaces 

The Department for Education white paper, Every Child Achieving and Thriving, mandates that environments be adapted to include calm, supportive spaces and adaptive teaching layouts.

 

'To help students feel safe and included despite significant trauma and ACEs, we partnered with TPC Therapy. This collaboration allowed us to design spaces with comfortable seating and a therapeutic approach, ensuring children feel supported and calm, which helps them to access their learning.'

Marie Beale

Deputy Headteacher
Whitefield Primary School
 

   

Find out more about the benefits of considering classroom redesign, take a look at our 'Beyond the desk - Redesigning Learning Spaces'

 

Supporting the Supporters: Staff Wellbeing

Inclusion is only sustainable if the staff are well enough to lead it. Currently, mainstream staff are already managing:

    • Trauma responses
    • Neurodiversity
    • Complex family dynamics
    • Delayed specialist support

To ensure a sustainable future for education, we must prioritise the wellbeing of our staff as a non-negotiable foundation. By fostering a culture where self-care is viewed as a selfless act of professional integrity,

'When staff feel supported, they respond rather than react'

A Systemic Commitment

If we want every child to achieve and thrive, we must build environments where pupils feel safe and understood, and where the adults supporting them are equipped to continue.

Inclusion is not about doing more. It is about doing what works;  consistently, compassionately, and systemically.

 

Take the Next Step

To support you further, have a look at the LGfL Mental Health and Wellbeing training portfolio to book onto our extensive training offer.

training.lgfl.net